![]() (Museum of Cultural History, Oslo) 5 A wooden bearing dial used for navigation, found at Wolin. ![]() (photograph: author’s collection) 4 The Oseberg ship on display in the Bygdøy museum. (Museum of Cultural History, Oslo) 3 Gotland picture stone showing a Viking longship. (Museum of Cultural History, Oslo) 2 The reconstructed Oseberg ship being transported through the streets of Oslo. List of Illustrations 1 The Oseberg ship, excavated in 1904. Both á and å are pronounced long (aw), and ð is voiced ‘th’ as in ‘the’. I have settled for a fairly thoroughgoing anglicization that involves removing most of the diacritics and ligatures, leaving in just a few as a reminder of the exotic nature of the original forms. Michael Oakeshott, The Activity of Being an HistorianĪ Note on the Language I regret I have been no more successful than most other Scandinavianists in finding a method of rendering names, terms and phrases from Old Norse and modern Norwegian, Swedish and Danish into English in a way that adequately conveys their pronunciation to English readers. And if in so new and delicate an enterprise he finds himself tempted into making concessions to the idiom of legend, that perhaps is less damaging than other divergences. ‘Get off this estate.’ ‘What for?’ ‘Because it’s mine.’ ‘Where did you get it?’ ‘From my father.’ ‘Where did he get it?’ ‘From his father.’ ‘And where did he get it?’ ‘He fought for it.’ ‘Well, I’ll fight you for it.’ Carl Sandburg, The People, Yes The activity of being a historian is not that of contributing to the elucidation of a single ideal coherence of events which may be called ‘true’ to the exclusion of all others it is an activity in which a writer, concerned with the past for its own sake and working to a chosen scale, elicits a coherence in a group of contingencies of similar magnitudes. ![]() THE HAMMER AND THE CROSS A New History of the VikingsĬontents List of Illustrations List of Maps Introduction 1 The Oseberg Ship 2 The culture of northern Heathendom 3 The causes of the Viking Age 4 ‘The devastation of all the islands of Britain by the Heathens’ 5 The Vikings in the Carolingian empire 6 Across the Baltic 7 The Danelaw I: Occupation 8 The settlement of Iceland 9 Rollo and the Norman colony 10 The master-builder: Harald Bluetooth and the Jelling Stone 11 The Danelaw II: Assimilation 12 When Allah met Odin 13 A piece of horse’s liver: The pragmatic Christianity of Håkon The Good 14 Greenland and North America 15 Ragnarök in Iceland 16 St Brice, St Alphege and the Wolf: The fall of Anglo-Saxon England 17 The Viking saint 18 Heathendom’s last bastion Illustrations Notes Follow
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